Permanent waving apparatus



Dec. 12, 1939. v. J. KUBIAK ET AL PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 4, 1937 MCTOE HE/VZYJ K INVENTOR. o KuB/AK (.6

o (/6 A4 K Patented Dec. 12, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Victor J. Kubiak, Philadelphia, Pa., and Henry J. Kubiak, Madison, Wis.

Application February 4, 1937, Serial No. 124,047

4 Claims.

0 prises winding a tuft of hair about a rod or stem which is included as an element of a clamping device; the clamping device serving to maintain the hair in a tightly wound condition about the stem. A pad containing a suitable lotion for treating the hair is then placed about the coiled hair, and then a heating element is positioned about the composite pad and coiled hair to apply the necessary heat. The present invention is concerned primarily with this heating device.

At the present time it is common practice to employ a heating device which includes as characteristic elements two complemental heat retaining members which are adapted to be clamped about the pad, and which are carried 25 by a spring clip mechanism to readily facilitatethe heating inenbers assuming this clamped position. Heat is imparted to these members by first clamping them about a heating element which is usually electrical, and which, under present conditions, requires some fifteen minutes to impart the necessary heat to the heat retaining members.

Certs undesirable factors are inherently associated ith this method of heating the mem- 35 bers which are applied about the pad, the principal ones being in the time required to raise the heat retaining members to a desired temperature, and secondly the inability to accurately ascertain just when the desired temperature has been reached.

With the foregoing conditions in mind, this invention has in view as its primal objective the provision of a heating device as a part of permanent hair waving apparatus which includes heating members which are adapted tobe clamped perature may be controlled with a nicety heretofore unattained in this art.

In carrying out this idea in a practical embodiment, this invention contemplates the use of heating members which are made from an appropriate alloy having a relatively high resistance to the passage of electrical current, and each of the heating elements is so constructed as to be constituted, in effect, an elongated electrical conductor having a comparatively narrow cross section, whereby the desired resistance is obtained.

It is an accepted fact in the field of electricity that the greater the resistance, the greater the heat generated by the passage of a specified quantity of electricity therethrough, and in accordance with this invention the heating elements are so designed as to impart the necessary high resistance to each of the heating elements.

Inasmuch as it is necessary to heat the twocomplemental heating members which are carried by the clamping device simultaneously, this invention has in view as a further objective the provision of certain auxiliary apparatus which cooperates with the heating members to pass an electrical current therethrough in a series. relationship; this series relationship being conducive to high resistance, in contrast to a parallel relationship which reduces the resistance. This apparatus has a suitable transformer for reducing the voltage of an ordinary municipal supply line to a required voltage.

Various other more detailed objects and advantages, such as those which arise in connection with carrying out the above noted thoughts in a practical embodiment, will in part become apparent, and in part be hereinafter stated, as the description of the invention proceeds.

The invention, therefore, comprises a heating device which is intended to constitute a part of permanent waving apparatus, and which heating device comprises. complemental heating members which are adapted to be clamped about a coiled tuft of hair having a pad placed thereabout.

These heating members are structurally designed to provide an elongated electrical conductor of narrow cross section, and made from an appropriate alloy having the required property of electrical resistance to the passage of an electrical current. Included as an essential part of the invention is apparatus for passing an electrical current of a desired voltage through these clamping members in a series relationship.

For a full and more complete understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the following description and accompanying drawing, wherein Figure 1 is a view in perspective of the auxiliary apparatus which is used in conjunction with the heating device to pass an electrical current through the heating elements,

Figure 2 is a transverse section taken about on the plane represented by the line 2-2 of Figure 1, with the heating device in effective position on the apparatus shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a view in side elevation of the spring clip and heating members carried therey,

Figure 4 is a plan view of one of the heating elements per se, and

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic showing developing the path of the electrical current as the heating members are being heated.

Referring now to the drawing, wherein like reference characters denote corresponding parts, a novel heating device made in accordance with the precepts of this invention is shown as comprising a spring clip generally referred to by the reference character C, and a pair of complemental heating elements designated If! and II. The spring clip C is shown as comprising a pair of arms I2 and I3 which are complemental in construction, and which are made from an appropriate material having the desired insulating properties. A phenol condensation product has been found to be suitable for such purposes.

Each of the arms l2 and I3 comprises a finger grip I4 carried at one end of the arm I2, while at the other end a curved portion i5 is rendered of a rigid construction by the rib shown at I 6. Projecting inwardly from each of the arms 12 and I3 are hinge projections i1, and the projections ill on the arms I2 and i3 overlap, and are formed with aligned openings through which extends a pivot pin I8. Coiled about the pivot pin I8 is a spring element I9, which serves to maintain the finger grips id in a spread relation, and conversely the curved portions 95 are urged towards one another. The heating elements It and II are anchored to the curved portions l5 of the spring clips I2 and I3 by rivets designated 23.

Referring now more particularly to Figure 4, it will be noted in conjunction with the showing of Figure 2 that the heating element ill is defined by an outer curved surface 2i, which engages the corresponding surface of the member !5, and an inner curved surface 22 which is adapted to be clamped about the pad which is placed around the coil of hair. Flat surfaces designated 23 and24 connect the curved surfaces 25 and 22, The member ill may be made from any suitable material having the desired property of electrical resistance. It has been found that an aluminum alloy has been suitable for such purposes.

Referring now more particularly to Figure 4, it will be noted that the heating element ii! is provided with a series of cuts 25 which extend inwardly from the surface 24, while another series of cuts 26 extend inwardly from the surface 23. The cuts 25 and 23 stop short of the opposite fiat surfaces 23 and 24 respectively, and are in a staggered relationship. They serve to constitute the member I d an elongated conductor of a narrow cross section. The cuts are, in effect, insulation between adjacent portions of this conductor. Thus the pathway for the passage of an electrical current through the heat retaining element is rendered tortuous.

Referring now more particularly to Figure 1,

the apparatus which is used in mounting the heating members Iii and II so that an electrical current may pass therethrough in series relationship is shown as comprising a base 21, which is made from an insulating material, and on which is mounted an upright 28. Screw elements shown at 29 are shown as passing through a foot portion 33 and into the base 21 to fasten the upright 23 in position. A round projection 3I is shown as carried at the upper part of the upright 28.

At a point appropriately spaced from the upright 28 a web 32 of insulating material is shown as upstanding from. the base 21. On the opposite sides of the web 32 are disposed uprights 33 and 34 which are formed at the upper end with semi-cylindrical projections 35 and 36 respectively. At the lower ends the uprights 33 and 34 terminate in feet 31 and 38, which are anchored to the base 2'! by screw elements 39 and All, which also may constitute binding posts for conductively connecting the electrical conductors shown at 41 and 42 to the members 33 and 34 respectively.

When it is desired to heat the members II] and ii to a desired degree prior to application to a coil of hair with a pad thereabout, the finger that at the extremity at which the projection 3| is located, the ends of the members It! and I I are conductively connected, but the web of insulation 32 serves to maintain these parts insulated at the opposite end.

The conductors 4!. and 42 are connected to a suitable source of current supply, such as the lines designated 43 and 44 in Figure 5. A transformer represented diagrammatically at 45 may be included in the circuit to reduce the current coming from the lines 43 and 44 to a desired potential. From the hook-up it is apparent that the current from the lines 43 and Ml will pass through the elongated conductors defined by the elements It] and II in a series relationship, and the resistance offered to such passage will quickly raise these members to a desired temperature. We have found that the desired temperature may be obtained in three seconds.

The electrical circuit represented in Figure 5 may include a switch designated 46 which may take the form of an automatic timing switch well-known in the art. Such a switch, when set for a desired period of time, will break the circuit after this time has elapsed. Also, anindieating light may be included, as represented at into practice within the purview of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. In permanent hair waving apparatus, a heating device of the wireless heat storage type comprising a clamping mechanism, and a pair of complemental heating elements carried by said clamping mechanism, each of said heating elements consisting of a relatively large heat retaining mass that is adapted to be connected in a temporary electrical circuit as by clipping on a stand having terminals prior to use of the elements on the hair in the actual curling operation, each of said elements having a pair of spaced faces, a plurality of slots'extending inwardly from one of the faces nearly to the other face, there being a corresponding arrangement of slots extending inwardly from the other face, the slots on one face being staggered with respect to the slots on the other face.

2.1m permanent. hair waving apparatus, a heating device of the wireless heat storage type including a heating member in the form of a relatively large heat retaining mass that is adapted to be connected in a temporary electrical circuit as by clipping on a stand having terminals prior to use of the member on the hair in the actual curling operation, said member being substantially equal in length to a tuft of coiled hair about which it is to be clamped and being of a construction providing a tortuous pathway for the passage of an electrical current through the heating member when the latter is clipped on a stand having terminals, said tortuous pathway being of comparatively small cross-section as compared to the cross-section of the heating member but appreciably elongated as compared to the length of the heating member, said heating member also being of a material having a high resistance to the passage of electrical current whereby passage of an electrical current through the heating member while the latter is clipped onto the stand raises the temperature of the same.

3.111 permanent hair waving apparatus, a heating device of the wireless heat storage type that is adapted to be detachably clamped about a tuft of coiled hair comprising a pair of arms pivotally connected together, a pair of complemental heating members carried by corresponding ends of said arms, and spring means associated with the pivotal mounting for urging said heating members towards one another, each of said heating members consisting of a relatively large heat retaining mass that is adapted to be connected in a temporary electrical circuit, as by clipping on a stand having terminals prior to use of the member on the hair in the actual curling operation, each of said heating members having a pair of spaced faces, a slot extending inwardly from one face nearly to the other face, a second slot extending inwardly from the last mentioned face nearly to the first mentioned face, said slots having an overlapping relationship.

4. In permanent hair waving apparatus, a heating device of the Wireless heat storage type that is adapted to be detachably clamped about a tuft of coiled hair comprising a pair of arms pivotally connected together, a pair of complemental heating members carried by a pair of corresponding ends of said arms, and spring means associated with the pivotal mounting for urging said heating members towards one another, each of said heating members being of a material having a high resistance to the passage of electrical current and being of a relatively large heat retaining means that is adapted to be connected in a temporary circuit as by clipping on a stand having terminals prior to use of the member on the hair in actual hair curling operation, each of said heating members being formed with a pair of spaced faces, a plurality of slots extending inwardly from one face nearly to the other face, and a plurality of slots extending inwardly from the last mentioned face nearly to the first mentioned face, the slots on the two faces being in a staggered and overlapping relationship.

VICTOR J. KUBIAK. HENRY J. KUBIAK. 

